Solanum dulcamara growing on a sand dune at the Flaauwe-Werk sea-dike in the Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University.
Over view of the Flaauwe-werk sea dike, the Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University. Note, in addition to Solanum dulcamara, it is likely that most of the other plants on the dunes have at least some eXtreme characteristics.
Solanum dulcamara growing on a sand dune at the Flaauwe-werk sea dike in the Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University. Note the very small leaves.
Solanum dulcamara (right side, middle) growing on the edge of a sandy wetland at Ooijpolder in the Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University. (A “polder” is a reclaimed tract of land enclosed by dikes with no connexion to outside water other than through manually controlled conduits through dikes.)
Solanum dulcamara growing as a climber on a sand dune at Ooijpolder in the Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University. (A “polder” is a reclaimed tract of land enclosed by dikes with no connexion to outside water other than through manually controlled conduits through dikes.)
Solanum dulcamara growing as a climber. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University.
Solanum dulcamara growing on a sand dune at Ooijpolder in the Netherlands. Photo courtesy of Dr. Janny Peters, Radboud University. (A “polder” is a reclaimed tract of land enclosed by dikes with no connexion to outside water other than through manually controlled conduits through dikes.) Note the small leaves in this habitat.
Adventitious root formation on stems of S. dulcamara during flooding. Left: AR primordia on the stem of a plant grown under greenhouse conditions prior to flooding. Right: AR after 2 weeks flooding. From Dawood et al 2014
Solanum dulcamara growing over other plants (Finland). Photo by Henrietta Kress
Solanum dulcamara growing over other plants (Netherlands). Photo by Roel Hoekstra, Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) in the Netherlands.
Solanum dulcamara showing herbivory damage (Norway). Photo by Arild Espelien
Solanum dulcamara growing over Ailanthus altissima in Massachusetts, USA. Photo by Nikolai Yunakov, Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network
Besksöta (Solanum dulcamara) found on dunes next to the sea in Lomma (Sweden). Photo: Å. Lankinen. From Theresa Bengtsson, Boosting potato defence against late blight a study from field to molecule
Solanum dulcamara on river bank, Connecticut, USA. Photo by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
Solanum dulcamara growing on rocks. Photo by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
Solanum dulcamara growing on sand. From D’Angostino et al. 2013
Solanum dulcamara in its role as climbing nightshade. From Robyn Burnham, University of Michigan
Solanum dulcamara flowers and fruits. From Robyn Burnham, University of Michigan.
Solanum dulcamara growing on dunes and under frequent drought stress.From the B’sweet project, Radboud University, The Netherlands.