Mangroves Gallery

Avicennia marina at Port Hedland, Western Australia. The maximal tidal range here is nearly 7 m, covering a horizontal distance of ca. 300 m. Photo by Alison Cheeseman.
Rhizophora spp. in Papua New Guinea. In the absence of hurricanes and chain saws, individual trees may reach 40m or more. Photo courtesy of Barry Clough.
Rhizophora mangle with propagules. Piscadera Baai, Curaçao. Photo by John Cheeseman
Rhizophora spp on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. Outside the hurricane/cyclone belt, mangroves may reach as much as 40 m. Photo by Nate Barthel.
Rhizophora stylosa on northwest coast of Australia near Dampier where there is essentially no fresh water source. Leaves are vertical, which is an effective tool in photoprotection, and brittle due to the thick cuticles and high concentrations of polyphenolics. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Acrostichum aureum (Thailand). The larger mangrove fern (Paku laut) may reach a height of 4 meters at certain parts of the mangroves, especially nearer the terrestrial portion. Photo by Wan Hong.
, the larger mangrove fern, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Photo by R. Aquilar.
Laguncularia racemosa seedling on barrier reef, Belize. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Rhizophora mangle seedling on barrier reef, Belize, at low tide. At high tide, it is submerged. The substrate is coral. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Pioneer Rhizophora mangle in channel at Twin Cays, Belize. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Rhizophora mangle flowers at their “male” stage. Photo by John Cheeseman.
In situ combined photosynthesis and fluorescence study controlling irradiance and CO2. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Rhizophora mangle heavily laden with propagules. Twin Cays, Belize. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Rhizophora mangle at Twin Cays, Belize. Photo by John Cheeseman.
“Dwarf” zone Rhizophora mangle at Twin Cays, Belize. Stunting is the result of eXtremely oligotrophic peat substrate. Form reflects repeated damage by bud moths. Despite their size, these trees may be as much as 50 years old. Photo by John Cheeseman.
Rhizophora stylosa at Dampier, Western Australia. Note the vertical orientation of the leaves, an adaptation that reduces photodamage in the extremely hot and dry environment of this area.
Rhizophora mangle on coast of Curaçao growing interspersed with the cactus Stenocereus griseus (local name yatu). Yatu is a night blooming species, listed in CITES Appendix II. It is locally used for fences.
The legend among mangrovelers is that the record for the 100 yd (or 100 m) dash through a [Rhizophora] mangrove is 22’30”.